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Note: Do not share your personal important information with anyone.Make sure to never share any important information with them. After adding yourself to this page you may recieve friends requests from unknown persons who may play games.To allow yourself to recieve friend request, you can use below comment box to drop your gameid, facebook or google game account link, to get other player requests. Touchgrind Skate 2 (MOD, Unlocked) - Very colorful and exciting game in which you have to ride a skateboard, in-game physics very well-designed and.The tutorial is a barrage of tricks and techniques, and. This is the second part of a skateboarding simulator where the users fingers act as a. Touchgrind skate 2 apk#You can also get friends from internet and official websites and official pages also. Touchgrind Skate 2 might appear approachable and intuitive, but its also extremely tough to master. Download Touchgrind Skate 2 APK (MOD, Unlocked All) lastest version. Those items are free to share with friends and ask your friends to do same so everyone get maximum benefit from it. Description : Just like in real skateboarding or fingerboarding, Touchgrind Skate 2 is a game of skill that takes 10 minutes to understand but a lifetime to. Illusion Labs does it again - TouchArcade. Touchgrind skate 2 android#Android / Games / Sports / Touchgrind Skate 2. Content : Touchgrind Skate 2 blossoms into a world of enjoyment. Touchgrind skate 2 for android#Normally if a item marked as GIFT, REWARD, BONUS are free to send to other players. Download the APK of Touchgrind Skate 2 for Android for free. If sending of items is possible in game then make sure that it will not take out from your inventory, always do some test before sending any items to friends and other players.Like us at Touchgrind Skate 2 Game Friends: They help in various ways to make game entertaining and act as Helper, they may also share free gifts.(only few games support this feature.) Game Center achievements and leaderboards Record your runs and create replay videos to impress your friends Complete the 100 challenges to unlock all skateparks, game modes, decks, wheels, grip tapes and stickers Three different skateparks with bowls, ramps, curbs, boxes and over 2.000 meters of rails Tilted camera view, similar to Touchgrind BMX Touchgrind skate 2 mod#Natural multi-touch controls, evolved from Touchgrind and Touchgrind BMX Download Touchgrind Skate 2 mod app for windows PC Laptop / Desktop or Mac Laptop 2022Skate like a pro in the most realistic multi-touch skateboarding. Tutorial videos - watch and try yourself! 4 free roam game modes: Training, Competition, Jam Session, Game of S.K.A.T.E turn-based multiplayer Touchgrind skate 2 install#Realistic physics and stunning 3D graphics Download and install Touchgrind Skate 2 for PC and you can install Touchgrind Skate 2 1.25 in your Windows PC and Mac OS. Get a maximized experience with a real skateboarding feeling - Skate like in real life on your iOS device! True innovative finger controls together with real physics simulation let you pull off tricks like ollies, pop shuvits, kickflips, heelflips, impossibles, powerslides, lip tricks, stalls, drops, 5-0’s, 50-50’s, crooks, tailslides, bluntslides, darkslides etc in endless combinations, or why not do them in nollie, fakie or switch? - Only your skill and imagination set the limit! Get the highest score in time-limited Competition mode, rip freely and complete challenges in Jam Session mode, challenge your friends in the turn-based multiplayer Game of S.K.A.T.E or export video clips and show off your best lines. Learn the tricks, complete challenges, and unlock new skateboard parts. Take to the streets and own the spots of New San Van with new tricks like. Just like in actual skateboarding or fingerboarding, Touchgrind Skate 2 is a recreation of talent that takes. ![]() ![]() Illusion Labs does it once more TouchArcade. Just like in real skateboarding or fingerboarding, Touchgrind Skate 2 is a game of skill that takes 10 minutes to understand but a lifetime to master. Download Touchgrind Skate 2 Touchgrind Skate 2 blossoms into an international of pleasure. ![]() Skate like a pro in the most realistic multi-touch skateboarding game ever! You have problems with the app Touchgrind Skate 2 and you are looking for suitable solutions to fix the errors Then find out in this post what you can do. “The fingerboard sensation is back with an improved feeling!” - AppAdvice Skate like a pro in the most realistic multi-touch skateboarding game ever Just like in real skateboarding or fingerboarding, Touchgrind Skate 2 is a game of skill that takes 10 minutes to understand but a lifetime to master. “Touchgrind Skate 2 blossoms into a world of enjoyment Illusion Labs does it again!” - TouchArcade Description iTunes Store Description (from Ad Blurbs)“Touchgrind Skate 2 is one of the best touch gaming experiences around that is a must buy for hours of action packed fun.” - Apple'N'Apps ![]()
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![]() Demographic change in the eighteenth century.Global economy of the eighteenth century.Constitutional governments are limited by law and all citizens are subject to those laws.ĬOMPETITION FOR EMPIRE and ECONOMIC EXPANSION: 4-6% of the exam ABSOLUTISM and CONSTITUTIONALISM, 1648-1715: 7-9% of the examĪbsolutism emerges when a monarch exerts absolute power to rule by ‘divine right’. The subject matter of the Western Civilization II exam is drawn from the following topics. Ability to reach conclusions on the basis of facts.Ability to distinguish the relevant from the irrelevant.Ability to analyze, interpret, and evaluate textual and graphic materials. ![]()
![]() This is a roguelite run-and-gun of sorts where you explore an underground subway line filled with weird characters, deadly monsters, and tricky traps. It certainly has style to spare, but I’ll have to spend more time with it to deliver a verdict on how it plays. Travel the world, discover secrets, battle foes, solve puzzles, and figure out the mystery behind the Conductor and Lila herself. His goons seek to destroy the music and magic in the realm that Lila and her friends live in. Lila’s Sky Ark ($14.99)Ī rather trippy action-adventure game, Lila’s Sky Ark follows a girl named Lila whose world is threatened by a villain known as the Conductor. ![]() It probably won’t win you over if previous versions haven’t, but there does some to be some efforts at making various improvements here. You can play alone, or if you have some friends with their own Switch units and games you can race with up to eight players via local wireless multiplayer. Some changes have also been made to the physics. You’ll follow the story and the game will occasionally throw it over to you to race a little bit. It’s kind of an interactive reenactment of the 2009 MotoGP season. Roguebook alpha plus#You get your 2022 MotoGP season stuff, plus the new NINE Season 2009 to play through. Roguebook alpha series#We’re a few entries into this series at this point, so I suspect most of what this game is about should be known to anyone who is interested in it. Really a decent choice at such a reasonable price, provided you enjoy platforming. This is also a nice way to try out the core Rotund gameplay mechanics before dropping more money on Rotund Rebound. It’s a Game Boy-inspired take on the same “always bouncing" platformer concept, with more bite-sized levels and time attack challenges for more pick-up-and-play appeal. If you enjoyed last week’s Rotund Rebound, you will probably want to check out Rotund Zero. This one is on the review docket as well, but I can at least say right now that I’ve really been enjoying it. It plays well and has hundreds of levels to play. Pick up an infinity sign and you can get seriously Flappy. Grab a one and you can jump or dash once, grab a three and you can go three times. It has some interesting mechanics, with you picking up numbers that allow you to take as many actions as the number reads. I’ll have a review soon.Įdit: This Switch version has severe framerate issues that show up a little ways into the game, and I really can’t in good faith recommend it. I’ve played a good bit of this so far, and it’s quite fun as these things go. Ganryu 2 is a side-scrolling action game with plenty of Shinobi vibes where you play as Musashi Miyamoto, a guy who is mostly famous for fighting with a sword in each hand. Ganryu 2 – Hakuma Kojiro ($19.99)įollowing on the release of Andro Dunos 2 not so long ago, here is another sequel to one of Visco’s NEOGEO games. Seems pretty cool at first blush, but I’d need to put more time into it to say for sure. You’ll have to be at your best if you mean to take down the eight-headed Orochi. You’ll battle against more than one hundred legendary figures from Japanese history and mythology, collecting new equipment as you defeat them. Collect combat techniques to customize your load-out and create a fighting style that suits you. You play as Susanoo and need to gather your strength to challenge and defeat Yamata-no-Orochi. This is a stylish roguelite action game with a charming chibi look to its graphics. ![]() I’ll bring you more detailed thoughts on the game early next week. There are twenty difficulty levels to play through, so this one should keep you busy for quite some time. It’s a deckbuilding affair with a couple hundred cards, eighty special relics, and thirty gems that can be combined with each other for a massive number of possibilities. Roguebook sees you creating a team of two heroes, combining their strengths and abilities to battle evil. And now he, along with the developers of Faeria, has a new game for us to enjoy. He only went and created Magic: The Gathering, one of the most influential games of the late 20th century. Let’s go! New Releases Roguebook ($24.99) ![]() I didn’t have time to go into as much detail about some of them as I would have liked because there are frankly almost thirty games to talk about today. Nothing truly big-name, but there are honestly about a dozen games worth considering here depending on your tastes. In today’s article, we’ve got a ridiculous number of new games to look at. ![]() Hello gentle readers, and welcome to the SwitchArcade Round-Up for April 21st, 2022. ![]() ![]() ![]() It gives the game a distinctive leftist bent.Īnd finally there’s the idea of how to play well. This is conjecture, idk if I’m comfortable enough with the game to say that this isn’t confirmation bias, but in my experience, siding with the Rise feels not only “moral” but also has distinct mechanical benefits. A negotiation card for the Barons due to their position of hegemonic power, or a Battle card for the Rise in their position as a militant movement.Īnd as a follow up: the Rise card is better. For one, at the start of Rook’s run, you get to choose one of two cards based on who you are initially working with. He’s an outsider on a mission from someone else (who we never get to know).īut more than from a simply narrative perspective, there’s the intersection of the mechanics and the narrative. But Rook of course has no qualms doing whatever because well… he’s not really involved in this struggle. Hebel, the closest thing to a neutral party in the narrative goes out of his way to point out that, since the Barons control everything, the Laborers aren’t truly free.Īnd again, this doesn’t change whoever you side with. Kalandra says that killing the Barons is justified because Laborers die day by day (in a form of violence that is rendered invisible by the power structures), and that’s just a thing. Many games fall into this trap of “whichever choice the player makes is the right one.” Where if the player were to ally with the Barons, the Rise would be painted as this destabilizing organization that’s hurting more people than it helps.īut it doesn’t do that. (At a point a Baron even says “their accusations are hogwash, they all signed waivers”)īut what’s more is that this framing doesn’t change whoever you side with. Where Rise care about their lives, or their movement, Barons only care about profit. Rook’s campaign is about a conflict between a Militant Labor Union, and a Mining Company, and, throughout the story the Rise (the Labor Union) is portrayed as sympathetic, where Spark Barons (the Mining Company) are not. Griftlands politics are interesting from a few levels, and the first is from a purely narrative perspective. That is, it persists in a way that does not challenge the player’s worldview.) ![]() (In short “Apolitical” means not that the politics aren’t there, but that the implications and impacts of said politics are rendered invisible. I’m not gonna get deeply into the “Politics in My Video Games” conversation here because: 1) If you’re reading this we’re probably on the same page 2) I’m trying to get this piece done today? And the implications of what is considered “ideologically neutral” deserves well… an essay to itself honestly. (Also, to flex, and because I need to feel like this giant time sink was somehow worth it, I’ve won max prestige runs on every character, but I digress)īut Griftlands has a key thing going for it beyond simply it’s gameplay and that is its Politics. ![]() There are several interesting synergy packages in each deck, and the unpredictability of events makes choosing to or not to take additional fights to make your deck stronger a real risk. I wouldn’t have ended up putting in 150 hours into this god forsaken game if I didn’t find it satisfying to piece together strategies for play. Mechanically, the game is a Roguelike Deckbuilder following from the footsteps of Slay the Spire (another game I very much love), and it is pretty good, only from that perspective for sure. It’s also on the Switch, Playstation, and… more I think? I mainly play it on the PC, and it is, for lack of a better word, a very good game. ![]() #GRIFTLANDS GOG PC#So let’s start, Griftlands is a game released by Klei Entertainment, officially for PC on June 1st, but in early access for much longer. I will revisit both the game, and this piece in time, but for now, this is it. I have so many things to say about Griftlands that there’s no way I can do that just as my daily writing piece. But then I got in a conversation about Griftlands and well, I sure cannot shut up about that game. #GRIFTLANDS GOG CODE#So originally I was gonna be writing an analytic piece on Code Geass R2 today, and I really did plan on doing that. This Essay will have minor Spoilers for specifically Rook’s Campaign in Griftlands. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() When someone gets the trophy, the oh-so awesome song 'Nightmare' by Avenged Sevenfold will start to play. Then, when the new round begins and the first player respawns, he will get the trophy. This is not necessary however), and the other player kills the remaining zombies and ends the round. So when the round is nearly finished, the player in the starting area kills himself (Treyarch wants you to kill yourself by jumping down the cliff, hence the name of the trophy. The shooter, which takes players to various hotspots of the Cold War era. This game is not compatible with macOS 10.15 Catalina or newer versions. The resurrection Treyarch is talking about is simply dying and respawning the next round. Mac owners will finally get their hands on Call of Duty: Black Ops this week. He is now 'trapped' in the receiving area. In Dead Ops Arcade, use a Speed Boost to blast through 20 or more enemies at one time. Access the terminal and battle the forces of the Cosmic Silverback in Dead Ops Arcade. Once the excavators are both down, the player by the revive soda can't get to the location of the other player, since both routes are blocked. Shoot at or be shot by an ally with a Pack-a-Punch crossbow and kill six zombies with the explosion. When they're both in the tunnels, one player (the player that wants the trophy) needs to be in the starting room (where ths quick revive soda is), and the other player needs to be on the other side of the drills, for instance next to the pyramid, or in the Dome. Unified Mac-to-Mac Multiplayer Experience - Multiplayer works with Call of Duty: Black Ops for the Mac only, including Steam, Mac App Store, retail and other digital outlets.For this trophy, you need to play on the map Moon with at least two players (including yourself).īasically, what needs to happen is that the excavators of tunnel 6 & 11 both need to drill into their tunnels.Old school Zombie strategies get blown out of the airlock in 'Moon,' where armed with new perks and a space-age arsenal of weapons, our heroes must overcome undead astronauts and fluctuating gravity as they unearth conspiracies that began in 1943. Zombies!: Fan favorite Zombie mode is back providing endless hours of Zombie-slaying entertainment, solo or Co-Op Call of Duty: Black Ops - Rezurrection Content Pack.Combat Training: Test your skill against AI enemy players.Wager Matches: One in the Chamber, Gun Game, Sticks and Stones, Sharpshooter. ![]() Signature Multiplayer: Call of Duty’s signature multiplayer gameplay returns with new perks and killstreaks, deeper levels of character and weapon customization, and all new modes including:.Upon installing the game, 16GB (compressed and decompressed files) may be deleted from the hard drive. #Call of duty black ops rezurrection mac free install#
![]() WMA TO M4A CONVERTER ONLINE MP4MP4 files open in the operating system's default video player. Many consider MP4 to be one of the best video formats available today. It is also a popular video format for streaming over the Internet, such as on YouTube. It is compatible with a wide range of devices and operating systems, using a codec to compress file size, resulting in a file that is easy to manage and store. MPEG-4 (MP4) is a container video format that can store multimedia data, usually audio and video. WMA TO M4A CONVERTER ONLINE WINDOWSFor mobile devices, try OverDrive Media Console, which has separate versions for Apple iOS, Google Android, and Windows Phone/Windows 10 Mobile. Other programs that can open WMA files include VLC media player and UltraMixer. WMA files are also frequently used in online streaming. Because of their relative ubiquity, however, many other players and programs support the file type. It is a key component of Windows Media, which Microsoft discontinued.Īs a key component of Windows Media, Windows Media Player supports WMA files and is usually the default program for opening these. WMA has evolved since its inception in 1999, with several updated versions: WMA Pro, WMA Lossless, and WMA Voice. WMA is both an audio codec and audio format. Microsoft initially developed the Windows Media Audio (WMA) file format to compete with the MP3 file format. More information about Audacity on Vista HERE.Ģ.1.3 (no longer supported) was the final version to run on Windows XP (which itself is no longer supported by Microsoft).įor Windows 98, ME and 2000, also for XP without the final Service Pack see Legacy Windows Downloads.What is a WMA (Windows Media Audio) file? Older versions of Windows/old hardwareĪ compatibility table that includes old versions of Windows may be found on the Audacity wiki.Īudacity 3.1.0 is believed to work correctly on Windows 7, 8.1 and Vista, though please note that 7, 8 and Vista obsolete and no longer supported by Microsoft. For lengthy multi-track projects, we recommend using machines of substantially higher specification than the minimums. WINDOWS VERSIONĪudacity works best on computers meeting more than the minimum requirements stated above. The values in the minimum RAM/processor speed column will be fine for smaller/shorter tasks, especially if unnecessary programs are closed. The values in the recommended RAM/processor speed column below are for tasks like recording for an hour, or editing three 20-minute tracks simultaneously. Please use the legacy Audacity 2.0.6 version if your machine lacks SSE2 support. Machine requirementsĪ CPU that supports SSE2 is required (any CPU made after 2003 should support this). Read about Audacity on Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7. See the Compatibility table in the Audacity Wiki WMA TO M4A CONVERTER ONLINE ZIP
![]() *All projects for development are expressed at original cost and do not represent fair market value. Residents can also enjoy a 4-acre park that is diagonally adjacent to the property. and Patina a resort-style community in San Joses trendy Midtown neighborhood, Gauger + Associates has been working with Essex Property Trust to create. The deluxe amenities include weight and cardio equipment, a lounge room, and game room. Subject to availability and conditions apply. Patina contains a total of 269 Type-V wood-frame-wrap apartment units, with a variety of floor plans including studios, one bedrooms, two bedrooms, as well as lofts. Patina at Midtown 355 Sunol St, San Jose, CA 95126 2,447 - 15.1k Monthly Rent Studio - 2 Beds 1 - 2 Baths Check availability Special offer Sign a new lease, and you could live rent-free for up to 2 weeks during our summer sale Valid on select homes for new applicants w/ approved credit. The Patina at Midtown 232132 (cropped).jpg. When you call Patina at Midtown home, your day can seamlessly transition from work to play. The long-term value in this location is both the proximity and access to large employers in downtown San Jose, mixed with the Midtown amenities of both nightlife and dining. Midtown San Jose is a mixed commercial and residential district of San Jose, California, to the southwest of. (408) 214-6297 Patina at Midtown is a premier apartment community located in the eclectic Midtown district of San Jose, CA, that offers modern living and urban style. Patina at Midtown 355 Sunol St, San Jose, CA 95126 Sunol-Midtown 4. This area is served both by bus lines and the VTA light rail, making it ideal for urban living as evidenced by the momentum of industrial conversion, which only continues to accelerate. This apartment lists for 2464-3282/mo, and includes studio-2. #Patina at midtown zipEach of our pet-friendly apartment homes showcases chic modern design exemplified by deluxe Patina at Midtown Apartments is located in San Jose, California in the 95126 zip code. These outdated land uses have left large parcels, which are located along arterial roads to downtown offices. Learn more about Patina at Midtown Apartments located at 355 Sunol St, San Jose, CA 95126. Patina at Midtown is a brand-new apartment community located in the eclectic Midtown district of San Jose, CA that offers modern living and urban style. Previously, light industrial uses were located between downtown San Jose and lower-density, single-family neighborhoods to the west. Patina is in San Jose’s Midtown market, which is a neighborhood that’s ready for development-both politically and practically. ![]() ![]() Edge staff also wrote that he served as the game's 'comic relief' and called him 'alternately hapless and sinister, the mesmerizing animations of his ‘eye light’ and a changing role throughout make him an unforgettable presence'. As Chell and GLaDOS fall, GLaDOS reveals that Wheatley was actually meant to be a 'tumor', with the purpose of generating an endless stream of bad ideas in order to control her.Įdge staff wrote that Merchant's portrayal of Wheatley was 'neurotically stuttering and blubbering' and that his 'idiosyncratic staccato Bristolian burr' was a 'fascinating choice'. With the threat of GLaDOS quenched, Wheatley prepares to send Chell to the surface, but he becomes power-hungry due to GLaDOS' core programming he places GLaDOS' personality into a module powered by a potato battery and sends her and Chell into the depths of Aperture Science. Without these hazards to stop her, Chell follows his instructions to transfer his core into that of GLaDOS. He guides her to destroy GLaDOS' neurotoxin supply and sabotage the turret manufacturing line before returning to GLaDOS. Wheatley manages to rediscover Chell and helps her escape to maintenance areas behind the testing chambers out of GLaDOS' reach. Chell is separated from Wheatley by GLaDOS and forced to perform more tests. Wheatley leads Chell to the chamber containing the remains of GLaDOS, and accidentally reactivates GLaDOS while trying to engineer their escape. ![]() Wheatley then helps Chell get the blue portal gun. The player-character Chell is introduced to Wheatley when he revives her from her cryonic hibernation, with the intent on helping her escape the deteriorating Aperture Science facility. ![]() ![]()
If you think we made a mistake on the listed trophies for NASCAR Heat 5 above, feel free to leave a comment or contact us. Max out all stats on 1 employee (any series) 'Electric Emmett' (+5.0 Energy Damage Bonus to all party members) - Located in a dirt pile in the East Catwalk of the Machine. Win the NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series playoffsĮarn a spot in the Xtreme Dirt Tour playoffs in CareerĮarn a spot in the NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series playoffs in CareerĮarn a spot in the NASCAR Xfinity Series playoffs in CareerĮarn a spot in the NASCAR Cup Series playoffs in Careerīe on a team in the NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Seriesīe on a team in the NASCAR Xfinity Series Animals to all party members) - Located in a Container in a locked room (requires Lockpicking 4) under the Subsystem II computer in the the Western White House of the Denver Ruins. Win a NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series championship ![]() #Dirt 5 trophy guide and roadmap fullNASCAR Heat 5 Trophies NameĬomplete a full NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series seasonĬomplete a full NASCAR Xfinity Series season this will cost 200,000 - 250,000 credits depending on if you get a new or used variation from the classifieds. To earn this trophy, you must: Buy the Audi Sport quattro S1 E2. #Dirt 5 trophy guide and roadmap Ps4Check out the full NASCAR Heat 5 trophies for PS4 below. This is the one trophy that will decide whether you do or dont get the platinum trophy for DiRT Rally 2.0. In NASCAR Heat 5, players will be collecting 66 trophies consisting of 64 bronze, 1 gold, and 1 platinum trophy. It seems like a lot of the trophies and achievements revolve around completing the Career Mode, regardless of the difficulty you set the game to.Developer 704 Games and publisher Motorsport Games have released the official NASCAR Heat 5 trophy list and guides for PlayStation 4. How difficult will it be to get them all?įrom what we can tell here, this doesn't look like a particularly difficult list to complete. Own 100 cars and complete any event in each of them Win a race at Indianapolis Oval Circuit in the Jupiter Classic Stock in Dry conditions There is no time limit to this trophy other than the standard given 2 minutes in which you have to complete your run. Balletic: Complete a clean run in a Head 2 Head event : Complete all the head-2-head challenges in one go without bumping into the walls. Win a race event on every San Francisco route Platinum Trophy: Achieve all other Trophies (5) Get every other trophy in the game. Win a race featuring a 22 grid of Mini Miglias around any London route. ![]() Win a Stadium Truck event on any Moscow route Win a Time Attack event using the Honda CRX MightyMouse Successfully hit 50 Boost gates in Electric eventsĪchieve a Legend rating in any Drift eventĬomplete any event at the Havana Castillo View route during Night conditionsĬomplete a race at London, Paris, Moscow, and Chicago locations in any Track Day Hypercar Hit every ramp on every lap of a Stadium Trucks ramp event #Dirt 5 trophy guide and roadmap proOwn both Aston Martin Valkyrie and Valkyrie AMR Pro Concept Own every launch Ferrari and gain access to Tier 3 Upgrades for all of them Gain access to Tier 3 Upgrades for each launch car in GT Class 1 #Dirt 5 trophy guide and roadmap upgradeGain access to Tier 3 Upgrades within any vehicle upgrade tree In a Multi-Class event, beat a Mazda 787B in a Mazda MX-5īe in 22nd place during an Elimination event, then go on to winĬomplete any event at every country in the game Win a race on Strada Alpina (Circuito Stradale) in the Mitsubishi Evolution IX Time AttackĬomplete 10 Race Events with the Ginetta G55 GT3Ĭomplete every launch Elimination event in Career ![]() Win the Mazda Furai by completing its Sponsor event ![]() Win the Porsche 935/78 Group 5 'Moby Dick' by completing its Sponsor event Win the Renault R26 by completing its Sponsor event Win the KTM X-BOW R by completing its Sponsor event Win the Ferrari F40 LM by completing its Sponsor event Win the Shelby Cobra 289 FIA by completing its Sponsor event Cause at least 3 opponents to reach Nemesis status during a single event ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() If having a gun increases the risk of gun-related violent death in the home, why do people choose to own guns? To date, the prevailing answer from the public health literature has been seemingly based on a knowledge deficit model that assumes that gun owners are unaware of risks and that repeated warnings about “overwhelming evidence” of “the health risk of a gun in the home greater than the benefit” (Hemenway, 2011) should therefore decrease gun ownership and increase support for gun legislation reform. For homicides, the association is largely driven by gun-related violence committed by family members and other acquaintances, not strangers (Kellermann et al., 1993, 1998 Wiebe, 2003). Case-control studies have repeatedly found that gun ownership is associated with an increased risk of gun-related homicide or suicide occurring in the home (Kellermann and Reay, 1986 Kellermann et al., 1993 Cummings and Koepsell, 1998 Wiebe, 2003 Dahlberg et al., 2004 Hemenway, 2011 Anglemeyer et al., 2014). With the nation at an impasse, meaningful federal gun legislation aimed at reducing firearm violence remains elusive.ĭespite the 1996 Dickey Amendment’s restriction of federal funding for research on gun violence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Rostron, 2018), more than 30 years of public health research supports thinking of guns as statistically more of a personal hazard than a benefit. The other, backed by the Constitutional right to bear arms and the powerful lobby of the National Rifle Association (NRA), fears the slippery slope of legislative change and refuses to yield an inch while threatening, “I’ll give you my gun when you pry it from my cold, dead hands”. One side cannot fathom why more gun control legislation has not been passed in the wake of a disturbing rise in mass shootings in the US and eyes Australia’s 1996 sweeping gun reform and New Zealand’s more recent restrictions with envy. One side believes that guns are a menace to public safety, while the other believes that they are an essential tool of self-preservation. A psychological perspective suggests that consensus on gun legislation reform can be achieved through understanding differences and diversity on both sides of the debate, working within a common middle ground, and more research to resolve ambiguities about how best to minimize fear while maximizing personal and public safety.ĭo guns kill people or do people kill people? Answers to that riddle draw a bright line between two sides of a caricatured debate about guns in polarized America. Despite common fears, differences in attitudes and feelings about guns themselves manifest in variable degrees of support for or opposition to gun control legislation that are often exaggerated within caricatured depictions of polarization. In this essay, an additional psychological perspective is offered that highlights how concerns about victimization and mass shootings within a shared culture of fear can drive cognitive bias and motivated reasoning on both sides of the gun debate. Attempts to resolve this impasse have been thwarted by thinking about gun ownership attitudes as based on rational choice economics instead of considering the broader socio-cultural meanings of guns. The gun debate in America is often framed as a stand-off between two immutable positions with little potential to move ahead with meaningful legislative reform. ![]() |
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